The Irish Elk, the Worlds Biggest Deer

The Irish Elk, the World's Biggest Deer Despite the fact that Megaloceros is normally known as the Irish Elk, comprehend that this sort included nine separate species, just one of which (Megaloceros giganteus) arrived at genuine elk-like extents. Additionally, the name Irish Elk is something of a twofold misnomer. To start with, Megaloceros shared more for all intents and purpose with present day deer than American or European Elks, and, second, it didnt live solely in Ireland, getting a charge out of a dissemination over the territory of Pleistocene Europe. (Other, littler Megaloceros species went as far abroad as China and Japan.)  The Irish Elk, M. giganteus, was by a wide margin the biggest deer that at any point lived, estimating around eight feet in length from head to tail and saying something the area of 500 to 1,500 pounds. What truly set this megafauna warm blooded animal separated from its individual ungulates, however, were its huge, ramifying, fancy tusks, which spread over very nearly 12 feet from tip to tip and weighed barely shy of 100 pounds. Similarly as with every such structure in the collective of animals, these horns were carefully an explicitly chosen trademark; guys with progressively luxurious extremities were increasingly fruitful in intra-group battle, and accordingly progressively alluring to females during mating season. Why didnt these cumbersome tusks prompt Irish Elk guys to spill? Apparently, they likewise had incredibly solid necks, also a finely tuned feeling of parity. The Extinction of the Irish Elk For what reason did the Irish Elk go wiped out soon after the keep going Ice Age, on the cusp of the cutting edge time, 10,000 years back? All things considered, this may have been an item exercise in sexual determination go out of control: Its conceivable that prevailing Irish Elk guys were so effective thus seemingly perpetual that they swarmed other, less-blessed by the gods guys out of the genetic stock, the outcome being exorbitant inbreeding. An excessively ingrained Irish Elk populace would be surprisingly powerless to ailment or ecological changesay, if an acclimated wellspring of food disappearedand inclined to unexpected annihilation. By a similar token, if early human trackers focused on alpha guys (maybe wishing to utilize their horns as decorations or enchantment totems), that, as well, would have disastrously affected the Irish Elks possibilities for endurance. Since it went wiped out so as of late, the Irish Elk is an up-and-comer animal categories for de-termination. What this would mean, by and by, is reaping remainders of Megaloceros DNA from protected delicate tissues, contrasting these and the quality groupings of still-surviving family members (maybe the a whole lot littler Fallow Deer or Red Deer), and afterward reproducing the Irish Elk once again into reality by means of a blend of quality control, in-vitro treatment, and proxy pregnancy. Everything sounds simple when you read it, yet every one of these means presents critical specialized challengesso you shouldnt hope to see an Irish Elk at your neighborhood zoo at any point in the near future! Name: Irish Elk; additionally known as Megaloceros giganteus (Greek for monster horn); articulated meg-ah-LAH-seh-russ Natural surroundings: Fields of Eurasia Chronicled Epoch: Pleistocene-Modern (2,000,000 10,000 years back) Size and Weight: Up to eight feet in length and 1,500 pounds Diet: Plants Recognizing Characteristics: Huge size; enormous, fancy horns on head

Report on future trend of Japanese Yen over the next month Free Essays

The point of this report is to make a future pattern expectation of Japanese Yen dependent on the monetary information and experts’ suppositions from SYNC for the following month. Further Yen shortcomings is going to proceed, and Japan is remaining with the security under the market, said by Mike, as indicated by the Bank of Japan Meeting. The dollar and Euro made their biggest rate gains against the yen since BOX reported forceful facilitating measures and they intend to twofold holding of securities and stocks in two years. We will compose a custom paper test on Report on future pattern of Japanese Yen throughout the following month or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now From the past insights and diagrams, we can see that, the dollar ascended as high as 96. 41 yen on Router’s information, close to a three and a half year pinnacle of 96. 71 set on March 12. The Euro exchanged at 124. 51, up 4. 2 percent, higher than Yen for a few months. And furthermore, the yen debilitated against different monetary standards, with the Australian dollar transcending 100 yen just because since 2008. Kyle Bass, the Founder of Hyman Capital said that what Japan Is attempting to do Is to downgrade the cash so as to turn out to be marginally more exchange from contenders, similar to South Korea, and improve the economy. Jon included that, short (ME) developing business sector or go long puts to play Yen shortcoming. The Bank of Japan Is leaving on a financial facilitating effort more forceful than anything it has endeavored In years. This implies there Is as yet a further shortcomings of Japanese Yen later on months. Step by step instructions to refer to Report on future pattern of Japanese Yen throughout the following month, Papers

Corporate Social Responsibility always adds value to the brand Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility consistently increases the value of the brand - Essay Example In the case of responding because of companion weight or due to fundamental human fairness, enterprises that decide to actualize corporate social duty activities improve their picture and increment their image esteem. This builds their upper hand and can upgrade their picture therefore drawing in capable or talented specialists who may wish to be recruited by regarded organizations. The improved picture will likewise decidedly influence the appeal of the organization’s merchandise or administrations. In all conditions, CSR activities that are intended to improve the network or safeguard the earth produce natural just as social worth, while at the same time supporting the organization’s corporate destinations, improving associations with all partners, and diminishing in general expenses. In current occasions, the pattern of social cognizance is influencing each aspect of open life. The business scene has especially been affected by the thought of offering back to the network that has given its help. Being socially cognizant fundamentally has to do with having extra duties other than simply meeting monetary authoritative goals. The push for organizations to take on more socially-related obligations has delivered a recognizable change in authoritative partners like laborers, clients, contractual workers, and investors in many enterprises. This is on the grounds that these partners are typically vested in guaranteeing that their brands stay in the brains of present customers just as potential clients. For brands to be attractive in Western countries today, they must be connected to some kind of socially cognizant motivation. Associations can no longer make enthusiasm by characterizing their brands regarding their capacities or capacities; they likewise need to incorpora te socially related, earth related, or socially-related explanations in their promoting messages in

SAT Subject Test Score Range

The SAT Subject Test score range is between 200 and 800 for all tests, much like a single section on the SAT. The Subject Test score report also includes a personal  score range  for the Subject Test taker. Why is this the SAT Subject Test score range? This is most likely because the College Board wanted to be consistent with their flagship test, the SAT. If youre wondering how the College Board came up with this score range in the first place, it really all has to do with statistics. If that was your reaction, you can  skip the rest of this section and move on the next one (no hard feelings at all). But if youre a stats fan, then you probably already know or would be interested to know that the scoring is the way it is to match the normal distribution curve. The score of 500 is centered around the mean with each standard deviation at 100 points. If you look at the data for SAT Subject Tests, youll see that this isnt really the case, which is why the scoring for the Subject Tests is probably more for the sake of consistency. How SAT subject tests are scored Subject tests are scored by first determining a raw score that is then scaled to a score between 200 and 800. Unlike the new SAT, SAT Subject Tests still have a penalty for wrong answers (but no penalty for unanswered questions). This means that  the raw score is determined by the amount of questions correct minus a quarter of the incorrect questions. So, say you took the SAT Literature Subject Test. A perfect raw score is 60 because there are 60 questions. But if you got 55 questions right, 4 questions wrong, and 1 question that you didnt answer, your raw score would look like this: 55 (4/4) = 54. Language Test subscores Language tests  with Listening are the only SAT Subject tests that have subscores. The raw score from each section in a listening test is converted to a subscore, which  ranges between 20 and 80. These subscores are used to determine the final score.  (Note that Latin, Modern Hebrew, and Italian dont have Listening tests, so you dont have to worry about subscores for them.) The French, German, and Spanish Subject Tests with Listening have two subscores, one for listening and one for reading. For these tests, the reading subscore is weighted  twice as much as the listening subscore. This is because the reading section counts for twice as much of the exam as the listening section for these tests. The Korean, Chinese, and Japanese have three subscores: listening, reading, and usage. For these tests, all of the scores are weighted equally because they make up equal parts of the exam. Your personal score range Much like the typical SAT, your SAT Subject Test report will also have a personalized score range that is determined by the subject test score. The reasoning behind the personal score range is that one score does not give an accurate picture of a students true ability because there are a variety of factors beyond the students control that can influence one given score. Therefore, a score range is to encourage colleges to think of your score as an estimate of your true ability rather than an absolute measure. Usually, the personal SAT Subject Test score range is determined by 30 points of your received score in either direction. So, if you got a 640 on your subject test, your personal score range is 610 and 670, meaning that a measure of your true natural ability falls in that range. Last note about SAT Subject Test score range Just because all subject tests have the same score range, you might be wondering if a score on one test is comparable the same score on another test (for example, if an 800 on the Physics Test is just as impressive as an 800 on the Math 2 Test). The College Board says that its  tough to compare  since each test has a unique group of test takers seeking to showcase different strengths. Colleges might also have different cut-off scores and their own criteria for evaluation based on the Subject Test.

Government Spending What Can Be Done Essay example

As a taxpayer, I wonder where all my hard earned money is spent. My biggest concern is the expenditure on welfare, the War on Drugs, and the War on Terror. I understand welfare can help those in need, that the war on drugs can prevent violence, and some may not view the spending wasteful. Although, these expenditures can be useful to an extent, I believe the spending should be decreased and monitored. Some argue welfare is pertinent to all who receive aid and that it should not be limited. However, welfare has increased significantly over the years with no measurable decrease in the national poverty level. Welfare expenses have increased from â€Å"$445 per person [†¦] in 1960† to â€Å"$13,061 per person† in 2012, which is an extremely large†¦show more content†¦Those who use drugs will go through any outlet to get drugs, but some outlets sell stronger drugs or even drugs laced with poison and other substances that kill. Those arrested for drugs have increased from â€Å"50,000 in 1980† to â€Å"half a million today,† which is more than twenty percent of all the people in jail (Drug Policy Alliance). The United States government alone has spent almost fifteen billion dollars on the War on Drugs this year add in state expenditures that adds up to more than 50 billion dollars. Legalizing marijuana alone could â€Å"bring in $45 to $100 b illion a year,† some economists say (Huffington Post). The legalization of drugs would bring about new jobs for the growing, selling, distribution, and quality control of drugs, which also would decrease the drug trafficking and decrease in death by accidental overdosing. Ending the war on drugs alone would save the United States fifty billion dollars a year. As George Santayana once said, â€Å"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.† Those who oppose me believe the War on Terror has been well worth the investment. I stand on the other side and believe that the war has not been very effective. Washingtons Blog states that terrorism â€Å"has been skyrocketing since 2004,† instead of decreasing like the United States would hope. Along with the increase in terrorism the death toll wasâ€Å"estimated at 225,000† back in 2011, which ImShow MoreRelatedCorruption Of Corruption And Corruption1445 Words   |  6 PagesHow can countries that are seen as corrupt function today? Why has corruption not constantly and consistently fallen and proved to be an inadequate way to rule? The role of corruption in today’s countries has proven to be weak, yet has held as a way of life for many around the world. As money and greed increase worldwide, the desire for these things increases as well. Learning what works, and what doesn’t is essential to the upkeep of many countries and their well-being. 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Compare and Contrast of Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the...

Compare and Contrast of Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Beowulf is an epic poem that was written in the Anglo-Saxon time period where only a few privileged people were able to read and write while Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, which is also an epic poem, was written in the Middle English time period where reading and writing was more wide-spread. While both the epic poem Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight have similar protagonists, the main character of each poem also has different characteristics that make up the unique identities of each, such as Beowulf’s possession of superhuman abilities that Sir Gawain does not possess naturally, the chivalrous code of Sir Gawain and the heroic code that Beowulf lives by, and†¦show more content†¦To his credit, Sir Gawain does withstand the advances of a married woman three times. Both men have fights they have won, but Sir Gawain overcame his fear of death in order to fulfill a duty. Beowulf died protect ing his people even when his comrades abandoned him (with the exception of Wiglaf). The final comparison is not of the protagonists of the epic novels but of the forces of nature in both. In Anglo-Saxon times, being immersed in nature meant your demise was not far; there were more vast areas of uninhabited wilderness than in the Middle English era. Since the Germanic people possessed limited resources, they would not leave their villages - especially during the winter months when it would snow. In Beowulf, the antagonists (Grendel, his mom, and the dragon) were embodiments of different aspects of negativity and nature. The people took shelter whenever Grendel would attack in the same manner that someone would take shelter from a hurricane or severe thunderstorm. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the Green Knight himself is the embodiment of nature and the people of the time had a more positive outlook of nature. For example, the description of his appearance in line 151 through 200 and that he wields a branch of holly (for life) and an axe (for death) show that t he Green Knight is the author’s personification of nature. In conclusion, Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight were written in two different eras (the Germanic Anglo-Saxon eraShow MoreRelatedCompare And Contrast Beowulf And Sir Gawain And The Green Knight761 Words   |  4 Pagesworks Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, an admirable warrior and knight are depicted. Although Sir Gawain and Beowulf both possess such characteristics as bravery and strength, readers can observe differences in other traits that make them heroes of their own time that is attributable to the societal mindset in which the poems were written. 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I will apologize in advance to those who will read this and are not familiar to the texts that are mentioned, due to restrictions in size I must mention all of my topics without specific description of how the stories are told, please at least read â€Å"Beowulf† before consideringRead MoreWomen s Unequal Portrayal, And The Struggle For Identity Of Female Writers1777 Words   |  8 Pagesthe moth // And from a woman a woman’s wickedness.† The Judeo-Christian creation myth, where â€Å"man was not made from woman, but woman from man† gave the philosophical ‘proof’ of inequality. One of the most illogical representations of women, in contrast to Eve as a selfish temptress, is the Virgin Mary. She was an immaculate motherhood figure, but remained ‘uncorrupted’, which obviously was unattainable for real women. The dual imagery of the Madonna and the ‘Gateway to Sin’ established that womenRead MoreThe Sonnet Form: William Shakespeare6305 Words   |  26 PagesShakespeare’s Sonnets William Shakespeare The Sonnet Form A sonnet is a fourteen-line lyric poem, traditionally written in iambic pentameter—that is, in lines ten syllables long, with accents falling on every second syllable, as in: â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?† The sonnet form first became popular during the Italian Renaissance, when the poet Petrarch published a sequence of love sonnets addressed to an idealized woman named Laura. Taking firm hold among Italian poets, the sonnet

New Jersey Vs. T.L.O. Essay Example For Students

New Jersey Vs. T.L.O. Essay New Jersey Vs. T.L.O. Decision : Reasonable standard held to be proper standard for determining legality of searches conducted by public school officials. On March 7, 1980, a teacher at Piscataway High School in Middlesex County, N.J., found two girls smoking in the school lavatory, which was a violation of school code. The teacher took them to the Principles office where they met the Assistant Vice-Principle Theodore Choplick. Under questioning the first girl admitted smoking in the lavatory. The second girl, 14 year old freshman T.L.O., denied that she had smoked in the lavatory. Mr. Choplick then asked to search the girls purse. He found a pack of cigarettes. Upon pulling the pack of cigarettes out Mr. Choplick discovered cigarette rolling papers, which is closely associated with marijuana. He proceeded to search the purse to find a small amount of marijuana, a pipe, small empty plastic bags, a substantial amount of money all in one dollar bills, and two letters that implies that she is a dealer. Mr. C hoplick notified her mother and the police and told her mother to take her to the police headquarters. A New Jersey juvenile court admitted the evidence, saying that the search of the purse was reasonable under the standard of enforcing school policy and maintaining school discipline. The court found the student, T.L.O., to be a delinquent and sentenced her to a years probation. The appellate Division affirmed the courts decision that there had been no Fourth Amendment violation, T.L.O. appealed . The supreme court reversed the decision . The court held that the fourth amendment prohibits unreasonable search conducted by school officials ; a school official doesnt need a warrant to search a student. All they need is reasonableness of certain circumstances. And that this search was not unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment. Work Cited Http://ww.departments.bucknell.edu/edu/pa_law/Demotion/tlo.html1-32 Pages Http://www.tourolaw.edu/patch/NewJersey/1-12 PagesHttp//www.law.umkc.edu/fa culty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/tlo.html1-7 PagesHttp://www.fidalgo.net/thumper/new.htm1-2 Pages

The Drug Mdma Essays - Substituted Amphetamines, Euphoriants

The Drug Mdma The drug MDMA (ecstasy) is very well known, however it's long term, and cognitive functioning effects are not. The main purpose of this study was to ?establish if users and previous users of MDMA exhibit impairments in more basic level cognitive processes such as working memory functioning, information processing speed, anxiety and arousal? (Wareing, Fisk, Murphy, May 00, 2). In past studies of MDMA, a lot of information regarding its effects has been established yet so much more is still unclear. Topics such as MDMA's relationship to arousal levels and whether the mood and cognitive functioning impairments are long term are either unstudied or virtually unknown. These topics being very important it was decided that a study should be performed. With these ideas in mind, the experimenters focused on two main hypotheses. The first included that MDMA users would be less effective in the random letter generation task. This task studies a persons central executive functioning. The second hypothesis was saying previous, current and non-users arousal levels would differ greatly and users would have the highest anxiety levels. The method the study was done was experimental. 30 individuals participated in all and were divided into 3 categories users, non-users and previous users. Users defined as currently using MDMA, non-users as never using MDMA and previous users were defined as having quit the drug for at least 6 months. There were equal numbers of males and females in each of the 3 groups. The independent variables in this study were the user group and previous user group. This would determine the short-term effects on users and long-term effects on previous users. The control variable was the group of non-users. The dependent variable would be the experiments performed, or more, the gist of the experiments. These experiments were designed to measure central executive measures, background measures, information processing speed, arousal and anxiety. The study included questionnaires, oral questions and simple tasks. The experiments were performed individually on each participant. An important note that was found was that all users, both previous and current, were taking at least one other psychoactive drug in addition to MDMA. This might very well be a factor in all experiments performed. The random generation task is designed to place a constant strain on the central executive and keeps demanding the brain to work and think. Since users and previous users scored less than non-users, it's safe to assume MDMA users have trouble in coping with high levels of cognitive demand. Even previous users have trouble with this test showing that this impairment persists even when you quit taking MDMA. This study also found through the information processing speed test that MDMA users are able to process information as quickly as non-users just not as accurate by a significant amount. In general, the idea the authors were aiming at was that users, or previous users, would score lower on the experiment compared to the non-users. Perhaps the experiment was not as well designed to fit this particular expectation. One of the hypotheses was that users would score less than non-users in a random letter generation task by a significant amount. This was both proven and not proven with the results. The authors found that in the one second production test they were right and non-users did significantly better than users or previous users. On the other hand, this was only a third of the test, there were also 2 second and 4 second tests where non-users did score better but by very little and by no means significant. The other hypothesis was regarding anxiety and arousal saying that with all three groups would differ significantly. This one they couldn't have guessed better, between all three groups they found there was a significant difference with both anxiety and arousal. The study on MDMA and its effects was very inconclusive. The gist of the whole study was to find how a certain type of drug, in the short and long run, affects its consumers. The participants who were studied and compared to non-users all confessed to using at least more than one drug besides MDMA. This brings questions like what kind, how much, how often and how do these drugs

Chemistry Major College Courses

Chemistry Major College Courses Are you interested in studying chemistry in college? Here is a look at the courses you can expect to take if you have a chemistry major. The specific courses you take will depend on which school you attend, but in general you can expect a heavy emphasis on chemistry and math. Almost all of the chemistry courses include a lab component, too. General ChemistryOrganic ChemistryInorganic ChemistryBiochemistryAnalytical ChemistryPhysical ChemistryPhysicsBiologyCalculusProbabilityStatistics Computer Science Sequence of Courses Some of the required classes can be taken whenever you can fit them into your schedule, such as probability, statistics, and computer science. Others have prerequisites. What this means is that you have to take one or more other classes before youll be allowed to enroll. If possible, a chemistry major should try to take general chemistry as a freshman. The course is typically broken up into two parts and takes an entire academic year to complete. Taking it early helps a student determine whether chemistry is truly what they want to pursue and it opens the opportunity to take organic chemistry. Organic chemistry also requires an entire academic year to complete at most institutions. It is a prerequisite for biochemistry and other interdisciplinary courses. In other words, a student usually needs three years to get through the general chemistry, organic chemistry, and biochemistry sequence. If youre a chemistry major and you wait until your junior (third) year to take general chemistry, you cant graduate in less than four and a half years! In addition to organic chemistry, general biology is a prerequisite for biochemistry. General biology lasts an entire academic year. A student should be careful when registering for general biology to make certain its the correct class. Many schools offer a watered down version of general biology for non-science majors that may count for college credit, but wont satisfy the requirements for a major or to take higher level biology or chemistry courses. Physics and sometimes calculus are required to take physical chemistry. Because physics is often taken in the second or third year, its normal for physical chemistry to be one of the last major courses a chemistry major takes. Inorganic chemistry always requires general chemistry. Some schools tack on additional requirements. Like physical chemistry, its typically taken later in a students academic career.

Tom Perrotta's The Cosmic Significance of Britney Spears Essay

Tom Perrotta's The Cosmic Significance of Britney Spears - Essay Example When one attempts to find out the reason behind her cosmic significance, it is evident that she is so close to her family members and truthful to her boyfriend. She is cute, strictly religious, and down to earth. She feels proud of her southern identity and is conscious to preserve it forever. From a general viewpoint, she is able to withstand change in her life. She is amazingly unaffected by her global mega stardom. Moreover, she presents herself through two different ways. In her private life, she is shy but in public life she is so bold to express her opinion and ideas. Because of her unique personality, she enjoys the imposed musical identity. Moreover, she is ready to accept it as the part of her life. Her music is familiar to all and is easily enjoyable to music lovers. Her music is with a universal appeal and it exerts a strong influence to the whole humanity. Her music does not belong to an actual place, group or individual consciousness, but to humanity. Her cosmic signific ance is more evident from her music, which is universal, but never particular. The iconic stature that Britney exemplifies is not just that of a teen idol. She is more than that because pop stars are considered as cultural figures in America. In a multicultural and multiracial society, pop music is a way to exhibit race and celebrity. Britney is an era defining superstar, who is ready to find out answers to the questions on our existence and our future. She possesses more in common with other iconic artists like Elvis Presley, Madonna and Kurt Cobain. But her position is far ahead of these iconic artists. Perrotta went through Britney’s book namely, Heart to Heart, and its effect on him was terrific because it influenced and changed his opinion about her. Britney is portrayed in this book as a girl who is so simple and down to earth. When the author decided to complete the essay on Britney, it was the time of September 11

The Media and Some of Valarie Geller's Philosophies Research Paper

The Media and Some of Valarie Geller's Philosophies - Research Paper Example In 2009, she went back to Holland to showcase her book â€Å"Creating Powerful Radio - Getting, Keeping & Growing Audiences† and to give more information about how the book can be utilized to its maximum with some of the information that it provides such as how to get and maintain an audience as well as topics on management and how to make it in the radio industry. Valarie has since had a key interest in radio. She has always had the idea that radio should be revolutionized so as to make it interactive and not just a source to communicate information to its audiences. This is evidenced by the fact that she has written books that handle topics on effective communication. Another factor is that she coaches radio personnel to be dynamic in that, proper communication, interaction and involvement ought to attract a lot of audiences. Some of her contributions to news/talk format radio include the fact that she trains broadcasters to up their skills in relation to media content, crea tivity, caring about the listeners and generally connecting with the audience. Geller has influenced the medium of radio in terms of understanding what the audience wants and being able to give it to them; she also has managed to capture the minds of audiences by talking on interesting events and news. Geller has had major philosophies that she has since implemented and they have reaped benefits. These include; making the most out a listeners time. This is by ensuring that each second a broadcaster is speaking to the audience; they make an impact at that moment. Telling the truth is another philosophy that Geller insists on.

Shakespeares Sonnet 12 and Seamus Heaneys Blackberry-Picking Essay Example for Free

Shakespeares Sonnet 12 and Seamus Heaneys Blackberry-Picking Essay Endeavor to confront Times scythe or surrender to fatalism? Compare and Contrast Shakespeares Sonnet 12 and Seamus Heaneys Blackberry-Picking By Sally, Kuok Si Nok, School of Translation and Interpreting, Beijing Language and Cultural University Human in all ages races through lives in an everlasting fight against time. Mens struggle against nature has been a timeless theme in the literary world. From the early 17th century Sonnet 12, Shakespeares When I do count the clock that tells the time, to Seamus Heaneys Blackberry-picking, written in late 20th century, both poems addresses the effect of Times scythe on the transience decayed in nature as a natural cycle of life; however, while Shakespeare adopts a positive attitude in suggesting procreation to defeat time as a temporary solution, Heaney reflects on the inevasible disappointment at the interference of natural law. To address the theme of natural cycle, Shakespeare employs elaborated diction and juxtaposes contrasting ideas to measure the passage of time, nature and youth through life: In line 1 and 2, brave day sunk in hideous night reflects the daily passage of time, line 3 and 4 link nature to humankind, by first evokes a flowers wilting stage to the image of black hair naturally aging an turning grey, line 5 to 7 discuss the progression of season from canopy to barren of leave, to white and bristly beard, indicating snow and winter. Since Heaney metaphorizes old man as white beard on the bier, it can be suggested that he also compares young maid to violet prime and young man to lofty tree. Thus, the implicit use of figurative language hints the universal law of nature on all creatures throughout Sonnet 12 a number which symbolizes hour and month (passage of time). With regard to Heaneys techniques of expression, he visualizes the decaying process of blackberry by reminiscing a childhood activity in rural Northern Ireland. In the poem, the specific temporal markings like late August, for a full week, At first, just one and every year vividly demonstrates the time sequence of blackberry growing before ultimate rot; the employment of color and texture like green, red, purple glossy and hard serves not only to illustrate the ripening blackberries, but also impact on the readers taste and tactile sensation. Most importantly, the reminiscence itself, utilizes both the perspective of Heaney as a young child and an adult looking back, and the half-rhyming pattern suggesting imperfect memory, both symbolize the passage of time and ageing process. The last line Each year I hoped theyd keep, knew they would not. suggests a repetitive emotional behavior and disillusionment, highlighting the natural law of life. Shakespeare and Heaney, though addressing the same theme, differ in the motivation and the attitude toward Times scythe. The former speaks of sterility of bachelorhood and recommends procreation as a means of immortality in the form of human race, whereas the latter blends autobiological account of disillusionment in rural life with the natural decay of blackberry, impacting the reader on the spiral of disappointment. In Sonnet 12, Shakespeare displays a strident attitude to persuade: first, brave day sunk into hideous night the antithetical choice of word establishes a stark contrast, not only between day and night, but above all, the courage and futility of battling against indefensible nature, for brave is meant to imply a visual brightness and gallantry. A man begins his live bravely, wanting to explore the world around him and learn as much as he can. Once he has reached his prime he begins to sink into his twilight years, and his beard begins to turn silver. The girls who once flocked to him have either been married or have lost interest. His beauty has waned, and been replaced by the wrinkles and gray hair that mark old age. His life continues thus until he dies; leaving the world with no one to keep his memory alive. Therefore, the repeated brave in the last line means to endure something without showing fear; in this case, that which much be endured is death, or time that will take thee hence. Second, the progression of natural creature to human emphasizes the universally incessant movement of time, further frightening his bachelor friend and readers. Lastly, the third quatrain shifts in tone and the speaker begins to talk directly to the young man, warning the inescapable fate of his beauty being engulfed by decay and eventual death. The personification of flowers images the general obligation of all creatures forsaking ones sweets and beauties to nourish offspring. Together with muscular rhyme, the palindrome-like metaphor pushes the poem to a climax. In Blackberry-picking, Heaney frames the the progression of pleasure to disappointment by two separated stanzas: he first describes his enthusiasm for picking blackberries, from tasting the first black berry of the season to the frenzy of excitement with the involvement of his peer friends; he then reflects on how his attitude towards the berries evolves into revulsion as the berries decay. Together with half-rhymes and abovementioned poetic structure, the elaborated diction and imagery associated with greed, lust, violence, sex and horror further highlight how the speaker laments the effect of time on joyful life and pleasure, both sharing a transitory nature. In line 3 and 4, one of the two only full rhymes of clot and knot invites readers to compare them, reinforcing the stark contrast between hard, unripened and soft, ripe berry. Amongst, the metaphor of a clot draws a comparison between the first berry of the season and a blood clot, first highlighting its soft juiciness and deep rich color of the berry and then associating it with flesh and blood. This introduces the sensual nature of berry-picking, which later violent and guilty association await. Words like flesh, thickened wine summers blood, hunger and lust are strong expression of human desires, usually pathological craving, which implies the intoxificating effect of the berries on the children and foreshadows of the loss of innocence in coming adulthood (Passage of time). The young ravenously gorge on the blackberries, tasting the stains upon the tongue and lust for Picking The enjambment of Picking marks the start of the next section of the poem the actual picking of blackberry, which can be perceived as the crime scene of human crippling nature. The children are sent out by hunger and desire, disregard of their inked-up hands and mouths, and randomly gather all possible containers like milk can and jam-pots in order to satisfy their bottom-less lust for berry. They frantically scour the hayfields and potato-drills, seemingly forbid any berry, ripe or not, to spare from their blood-stained mouth, oblivion to treasuring their spoils and throw them in until the tinkling bottom has been covered with green ones- fantasizing endless gratification. The last two lines in the first stanza push the crime, or the process of lust, to a climax, by juxtaposing the victims mutilated corpses staring like a plate of eyes and the assailants sticky palms like Bluebeards an allusion of a black fairytale in which a lord married a succession of bosom girls before murderi ng them. The second stanzas choice of word is the antithesis of the first: Rat-grey fungus, stinking, fruit fermented and sour starkly contrast with the not-long-ago euphoria, as the berries start to rot and go moldy, marking the post-climax downward slope of emotion plunging to the bottom. Thus, it may hint that Heaney subtly associates the arch-like process of pleasure to that of a sexual intercourse, by both diction and alliteration. Starting from first and flesh, to briar, bleached our boots and big blobs burned in the middle, then followed by pricks and palms, ending with filled we found a fur and fruit fermented, the deliberate use of alliteration pattern draws association to a complete process of copulation. Linguistically speaking, the labiodental /f/ hints the arousal and foreplay, then progress into bilabial /b/ implicating orgasm, finally ends with plosive /p/ and fricative /f/, indicating sudden stop of sensual pleasure along with frustrated insatiability. Therefore, when Heaney i ntroduces the speaker I lamenting that it wasnt fair and always felt like crying, he acts like a petulant child or a dissatisfied teenager. â€Å"At first, just one, a glossy purple clot Among others, red, green, hard as a knot. â€Å"That all the lovely canfuls smelt of rot.† â€Å"Each year I hoped theyd keep, knew they would not.† These full-rhyming couplets act as a framing device by introducing the first taste of blackberries and the excited frenzy of picking that stem from it, whereas the second couplet epilogue with Heaneys disillusionment by using antithesis to express the futility of fighting against fleeting time, from the perspective of an adult as he recognizes and looks back to the fundamental contradiction in his idea. Nevertheless, Heaney might sound less indulgent if he is alluding to a deeper significance metaphorizing blackberry and sensual pleasure as life itself. Hence, within this interpretive framework, Heaney can be understood as mirroring the same literary skill and message that Shakespeare conveys explicitly: using natural decay to intimate humans own mortality. Yet, the difference lies in the strong contrast in attitude and motivation, in which Shakespeare confidently persuades his bachelor friend whereas Heaney helplessly laments on his overwhelming fatalism.

Gary Soto Essay -- essays research papers

Throughout the autobiographical narrative written by Gary Soto, many different literary elements are used to recreate the experience of his guilty six-year old self. Different elements such as contrast, repetition, pacing, diction, and imagery. Soto narrates this story as a young boy at a time when he seems to be young and foolish, Soto foolmaking mistakes, but at the same time hoping to learn from them. Soto uses each of these devices to convey different occurrences in the narrative. Contrast is used when Soto compares himself to Eve, a biblical character, when God punished her for stealing an apple from a sacred garden. Also in the first line of the story Soto explains he â€Å"knew enough about hell to stop me from stealing†, but later in the story he states that, â€Å"the best things in life come stolen.† It is obvious these two statements contrast each other. Soto also uses repetition in this story and starts off with the driver, Mrs. Hancock, and his mom who all â€Å"knew† that he had stolen the pie. The thing is â€Å"knew† is repeated too many times in too little writing. Also though I think using â€Å"knew† so many times brings out the element of diction into the narrative because by using the word so many times, it is obviously used to show how paranoid Soto was. The word pie is at least 14 times while â€Å"I† is also used at least 42 where in the third paragraph it is used to begin the last three sentences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Next, was the element of pacing and in the third par...

Central Nervous system &Metaphors

This essay explores the concept of an organization style metaphorically as professed by Gareth Morgan in his book Images of Organizations (1989). This essay provides examples of how the responsibilities and functionality of upper management within a corporation serve similar functions as to how the brain functions within the Central Nervous system. First, one must understand exactly what a metaphor is in order to understand how Morgan (1989) comes to his conclusion.A metaphor is defined by Merriam-Webster dictionary as a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them (2009). Morgan (1989) discusses how the brain is a metaphor for a company’s organization structure and behavior. He considers the organization as the brain and draws attention to the importance of information, learning, and intelligence, and provides a framework for understanding modern organizations . This style of organization has the capacity to be flexible and inventive with a continuous improvement mindset.The brain stores and processes enormous amounts of information in its parts simultaneously thus the end result being able to speak and walk. To understand the brain like metaphor we have to understand that the brain is made of two hemispheres. It is understood that the left side of the brain is the more logical, analytical and rational side, much like the strategy and finance side of an organization whereas the right side is more creative and emotional much like the marketing and human resources departments of an organization.Like the brain, an organization has areas that concentrate on particular parts of the business; however, the organization as a whole must work together. Each department can work on its own as can be seen in artificial intelligence such as Rodney Brooks' mobot (Morgan, 1989). The functions of an organization such as Marketing, Human Resources, Finance , Operations, and Information Technology have a series of processes which results in the function of whole organization. Each of these departments in an organization can be likened to a sensory input element to the executive â€Å"brain†.Marketing, for example, can serve as the â€Å"eyes† of the organization by providing input to the brain related to the business environment, supply and demand and other market elements important to the navigation capabilities of the organization. The Finance department acts as the â€Å"skin† by providing information about the financial atmosphere and environment of the corporate body. The Finance department â€Å"skin† can tell the corporate brain whether conditions are financially cool, or hot. Also, the †skin† can indicate whether the organization is acting in a manner that produces â€Å"pain† in terms of financial difficulties.Operations acts as the ears of an organization, providing information a bout the â€Å"balance† of the entire organization and allowing the brain of the leadership to issue the appropriate instructions to the organization to keep it moving without collapse. Human Resources acts as a taste mechanism for the organizational body, giving the brain an idea of the building blocks (personnel) that are being introduced to the organizational body. The IT department can be likened to the central nervous system. It is this department that maintains the flow of information to and from the â€Å"brain† of the organization.The metaphor of the organization as a body with the corporate officers as the brain can be further understood with respect to what happens when there are breakdowns in any one of the parts composing the organizational body. Failure of the Human Resource department, for example, can lead to the ingestion of organizational poison: workers who are not qualified for the jobs they are assigned. If the â€Å"skin† of finance fails, t he infection of debt may set in, causing necrosis to various parts of the organizational body.It is possible that such a result could result in a systemic infection that could kill the entire organization. The Operations department should malfunction; the entire organization could lose its balance and fall, destroying the organizational â€Å"brain†. Perhaps most significantly, the failure of IT to properly move information between the â€Å"brain† and the other appendages of the organization, the result is paralysis, as the messages the executive send get lost or misinterpreted. The organization-as-brain-and-body metaphor goes a long way toward explaining the interconnectivity of various aspects of organizations.All the component parts contribute information to the executive â€Å"brain† which can react quickly and guide the organization toward action that will make the most effective use of the information. The failure of any one of the component parts of the organizational body represents a hazard that threatens the organization as a whole, and the brain in particular. â€Å"Metaphor. † Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2009. Merriam-Webster Online. 17 April 2009

What Is Prior Restraint Definitions and Examples

Prior restraint is a type of censorship in which speech or expression is reviewed and restricted before it occurs. Under prior restraint, a government or authority controls what speech or expression can be publicly released. Prior restraint has a history of being viewed as a form of oppression in the United States. The Founding Fathers had experienced the effects of prior restraint while under British rule, and they specifically used language in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution—freedom of speech and freedom of the press—to guard against prior restraint, which they felt was a violation of democratic principles. Key Takeaways: Prior Restraint Prior restraint is the review and restriction of speech prior to its release.Under the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which protects speech and freedom of the press, prior restraint is deemed unconstitutional.There are some exceptions to prohibitions against prior restraint, including obscenity and national security.Famous cases dealing with prior restraint include Near v. Minnesota, New York Times Co. v. U.S., Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart, and Brandenberg v. Ohio. Prior Restraint Definition Prior restraint is not limited to speech. It can impact all forms of expression including writing, art, and media. It legally takes the form of licenses, gag orders, and injunctions. The government might outright prevent public distribution of media, or place conditions on speech that make it difficult for it to occur. Something as seemingly harmless as a town ordinance restricting where newspapers can be sold could be considered prior restraint. Exceptions to the Prior Restraint Doctrine U.S. courts view prior restraint as unconstitutional until proven otherwise. The government entity or organization looking to review and restrict speech must offer an extremely compelling reason for the restriction to even be considered. Courts have recognized some of these reasons as exceptions to the general illegality of prior restraint. Obscenity: U.S. Courts have decided that the distribution of certain obscene material can be limited in order to preserve public decency. Obscene material is a limited category. Pornographic material on its own might not be considered obscene. However, obscenity applies to pornographic material that features unwilling or underage participants.Court documents: Most court documents like land deeds, complaints, and marriage licenses are publicly available. A court may place an injunction (a restriction) on court records during an ongoing criminal case to prevent public disclosure. Outside of an injunction, publishing information that may damage a case can be penalized but cannot be used as an exception to allow prior restraint.National Security: Some of the most powerful and significant arguments in favor of prior restraint came from the publication of government documents. The government has a compelling interest in keeping defense documents classified if they might jeopardize ongoing military action, particularly during wartime. However, courts have determined that the government must prove an inevitable, direct, and immediate danger, in order to justify reviewing and restricting publication in the name of national security. Major Cases Involving Prior Restraint The most famous cases concerning prior restraint form the foundation of free expression in the U.S. They are cross-disciplinary, focusing on art, speeches, and documents. Near v. Minnesota Near v. Minnesota was one of the first U.S. Supreme Court cases to take on the issue of prior restraint. In 1931, J.M. Near published the first issue of The Saturday Press, a controversial, independent paper. The governor of Minnesota at the time filed a complaint under the states public nuisance law for an injunction against the paper. He alleged that The Saturday Press was malicious, scandalous, and defamatory, qualities which were illegal under the law. In a 5-4 decision delivered by Justice Charles E. Hughes, the court found the statute unconstitutional. The government cannot restrict publication prior to the release date, even if the material being published might be illegal. New York Times Co. v. United States In 1971, the Nixon administration attempted to block the publication of a group of documents known as the Pentagon Papers. The papers were part of a study commissioned by the Department of Defense to document U.S. military involvement in Vietnam. The Nixon Administration argued that if the New York Times published information from the study, it would harm U.S. defense interests. Six Supreme Court justices sided with the New York Times, denying the governments request for an injunction. The Court adopted a heavy presumption against prior restraint under the First Amendment. The governments interest in keeping the papers secret could not provide a strong enough reason to restrict the freedom of the press. In a concurring opinion, Justice William J. Brennan added that the government did not offer evidence that the papers would result in direct and immediate harm to U.S. troops. Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart In 1975, a Nebraska state trial judge issued a gag order. He was concerned that media coverage of a murder trial might prevent the court from seating an unbiased jury. The Supreme Court heard the case a year later. In a unanimous decision delivered by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger,  the court struck down the gag order. The court argued that restricting media coverage did little to help ensure a fair trial and allowed rumors to overcome factual reporting. The press should not be hindered except in situations where there is a clear and present danger that the media will disrupt the trial, Justice Burger wrote. The court listed ways that a fair trial could be ensured without the use of a gag order. Brandenberg v. Ohio In 1964, a Klu Klux Klan leader in Ohio delivered a speech at a rally using derogative and racist language. He was arrested under Ohios syndicalism law for publicly advocating for violence. Clarence Brandenburg was convicted and sentenced and his appeals were affirmed or dismissed by lower courts. The Supreme Court reversed his conviction on the basis that Ohios syndicalism law violated the First Amendment. The court ignored prior language surrounding inciting violence like clear and present danger and bad tendency. In Brandenburg v. Ohio, the Court unanimously backed the imminent and lawless action test. In order to restrict speech for inciting violence, the government must provide a compelling argument to show intent, imminence, and likelihood to incite. Sources Near v. Minnesota, 283 U.S. 697 (1931).Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969).Nebraska Press Assn. v. Stuart, 427 U.S. 539 (1976).New York Times Co. v. United States, 403 U.S. 713 (1971).Howard, Hunter O. â€Å"Toward a Better Understanding of the Prior Restraint Doctrine: A Reply to Professor Mayton.†Ã‚  Cornell Law Review, vol. 67, no. 2, Jan. 1982, scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?refererhttps://www.google.com/httpsredir1article4267contextclr.